Innovation and Technology
H-1B Visa Is The Most Restrictive Immigration Category

H-1B Is The Most Restrictive Visa Category In the U.S. Immigration System
H-1B Background
In 1990, Congress established a 65,000 annual limit on new H-1B petitions for high-skilled foreign nationals. In 2004, the H-1B annual limit became 85,000 after lawmakers exempted 20,000 individuals a year who earned a master’s degree or higher from a U.S. university. Companies have exhausted the supply of new H-1B visas since FY 2004. Before 1990, employers could hire professionals on H-1 visas without a numerical ceiling. In 2000, Congress exempted H-1B petitions for U.S. universities and nonprofit and government research institutions from the annual limit.
H-1B Is The Most Restrictive Visa Category
Due to the 85,000 numerical ceiling, getting permission to sponsor a highly skilled worker is arduous. “The low annual limit on new H-1B petitions makes the category the most restrictive visa in the U.S. immigration system,” according to a new National Foundation for American Policy analysis. “In FY 2025, employers filed at least 423,028 eligible H-1B registrations, but USCIS could only allow 85,000 new foreign nationals to obtain H-1B status under the annual limit, an approval rate of only 20%.”
More than 300,000 eligible high-skilled individuals could not gain H-1B status to work in the United States in FY 2025 because of the annual limit. Analysts say the low H-1B ceiling has bedeviled employers and made it harder for the United States to retain talented individuals, including international students.
Comparing H-1B to Other Visa Categories
The analysis found that getting any other major visa is much easier than an H-1B visa. Although only 20% of new H-1B applications turn into workers under the 85,000 limit, the U.S. government approved 72% of individuals who applied for visitor visas (B1/B2) in FY 2024 and 89% of J-1 visas, which include exchange visitors such as researchers and summer workers.
Immigration Critics Overlook High Fees And The H-1B Annual Limit
In January 2025, Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-VT) criticized the category after Elon Musk defended H-1B visas. Sanders repeated arguments he had used since at least 2009, including that H-1B visa holders are “low-paid guest workers.” Data show the reality is quite different.
The average annual salary for an H-1B visa holder in computer-related occupations in 2023 was $132,000, and the median salary was $122,000, according to USCIS statistics. “The USCIS data show H-1B visa holders are paid high salaries, and it contradicts the idea that these are low-skilled people since employers would not pay people with low skills high salaries,” said NFAP’s Mark Regets.
The law requires employers to pay the higher of the prevailing or actual wage paid to similar U.S. workers with similar experience levels. Companies point out that legal and government fees for filing an initial H-1B petition and an extension could cost employers up to $34,900 and much more to sponsor a professional for permanent residence.
Conclusion
The H-1B visa is the most restrictive category in the U.S. immigration system, with a low annual limit of 85,000 new petitions. This has resulted in a high rejection rate and a lack of access to the U.S. job market for highly skilled foreign nationals. The data shows that H-1B visa holders are paid high salaries and are not low-paid guest workers.
FAQs
Q: What is the purpose of the H-1B visa?
A: The H-1B visa allows U.S. employers to hire foreign-born scientists, engineers, and other highly skilled individuals to work in the United States.
Q: What is the annual limit on new H-1B petitions?
A: The annual limit is 85,000 new H-1B petitions.
Q: What is the approval rate for H-1B visas?
A: The approval rate for H-1B visas is only 20%, with over 300,000 eligible high-skilled individuals unable to gain H-1B status in FY 2025 due to the annual limit.
Q: What are the average and median salaries for H-1B visa holders in computer-related occupations?
A: The average annual salary is $132,000, and the median salary is $122,000.
Q: What are the legal and government fees associated with filing an initial H-1B petition and an extension?
A: The fees can cost employers up to $34,900 and much more to sponsor a professional for permanent residence.
Innovation and Technology
5 Traps That Can Sap Enthusiasm for Generative AI

The Dark Side of AI: Avoiding the Traps of Generative AI
Understanding the Risks of Over-Reliance on AI
As businesses increasingly adopt generative AI (genAI) to streamline processes and improve efficiency, it’s essential to recognize the potential pitfalls that can undermine its benefits. Elisa Farri and Gabriele Rosani, authors of the HBR Guide to Generative AI for Managers, identify the leading traps that arise from human-AI collaboration.
Too Much Trust in AI
Excessive trust in AI output can lead to laziness and a superficial impression that AI’s responses "sound good enough." To avoid this trap, it’s crucial to exercise critical judgment by probing AI’s reasoning, asking for clarifications, and identifying weak points.
The Risk of Fabrication
Accepting gen AI output as factual without verification is a significant risk. The autocratic tone of language models can further fuel this risk. To mitigate this, it’s essential to validate statements against established facts and consult experts, particularly on unfamiliar topics.
Tendency Toward Conformity
AI’s tendency to deliver bland, generic output lacking diversity and originality can be mitigated by providing contextual information and prompting AI to consider it throughout the creative process.
The Speed Trap
The natural tendency to hurry when working with technology can lead to a lack of engagement and participation in the conversation. It’s essential to slow down and actively participate in the conversation, articulating one’s own perspectives and counterarguments.
The Solo Trap
Working alone with AI can lead to reduced interpersonal communication and knowledge sharing within the team, resulting in siloed work and a lack of diverse perspectives. Regular breaks from solo AI interactions and engagement with colleagues are necessary to avoid this trap.
Developing a GenAI Mindset
To avoid these traps, it’s essential to develop a "genAI mindset" that balances the benefits of AI with human engagement and skepticism. This includes interacting with systems in a conversational way, testing different AI models, and using AI responsibly.
Continuous Learning and Up-Skilling
Experimentation and continuous learning are crucial for reaping the full benefits of genAI. Hands-on testing reveals capabilities, limitations, and potential risks, and adopting a learning mindset can help teams develop the necessary skills.
Conclusion
By understanding the potential pitfalls of genAI and adopting a genAI mindset, organizations can harness the full potential of this technology while minimizing the risks. It’s essential to prioritize continuous learning, up-skilling, and responsible use of AI to ensure its benefits are realized.
FAQs
Q: What is the main risk of fabricating AI output?
A: Accepting AI output as factual without verification, which can lead to spreading misinformation.
Q: How can I avoid the speed trap when working with AI?
A: By slowing down and actively participating in the conversation, articulating one’s own perspectives and counterarguments.
Q: What is the solo trap in AI adoption?
A: Working alone with AI, which can lead to reduced interpersonal communication and knowledge sharing within the team.
Q: How can I develop a genAI mindset?
A: By interacting with systems in a conversational way, testing different AI models, and using AI responsibly, while adopting a learning mindset.
Innovation and Technology
The Secure Leader: How Technology is Protecting Leaders and Their Organizations from Cyber Threats

In today’s digital age, technology plays a vital role in enabling leaders to make informed decisions, streamline operations, and drive business success. However, with the increasing reliance on technology comes the risk of cyber threats, which can compromise sensitive information and disrupt business continuity. As a result, leaders must adopt tech-enabled leadership strategies to protect themselves and their organizations from cyber threats.
The Rise of Cyber Threats
Cyber attacks are becoming more sophisticated and frequent, targeting individuals and organizations alike. In 2020, it was reported that over 3.5 billion data records were compromised, with an average cost of $3.92 million per breach (1). These attacks can come in many forms, including phishing, malware, and ransomware, and can result in financial loss, damage to reputation, and even legal consequences.
Consequences of Cyber Breaches
The consequences of a cyber breach can be devastating. Not only can it compromise sensitive information, but it can also:
* Disrupt business operations and lead to financial loss
* Damage an organization’s reputation and credibility
* Expose individuals to identity theft and fraud
* Lead to regulatory fines and legal action
Protecting Leaders and Their Organizations
To mitigate these risks, leaders must adopt a proactive approach to cybersecurity. This includes:
Implementing Strong Password Policies
* Enforcing strong password policies, including regular password changes and two-factor authentication
* Educating employees on password security and best practices
Using Encryption and Firewalls
* Implementing robust encryption protocols to protect data at rest and in transit
* Configuring firewalls to block unauthorized access to sensitive information
Staying Up-to-Date with Software Patches and Updates
* Regularly updating software and operating systems to patch vulnerabilities
* Implementing a patch management system to ensure timely updates
Conducting Regular Risk Assessments
* Conducting regular risk assessments to identify potential vulnerabilities
* Implementing targeted security measures to mitigate identified risks
Role of Technology in Cybersecurity
Technology plays a critical role in protecting leaders and their organizations from cyber threats. Some of the key technologies that are helping to combat cyber attacks include:
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML)
* AI-powered systems can detect and respond to cyber attacks in real-time
* ML algorithms can analyze patterns and identify potential threats
Cloud Security
* Cloud-based security platforms offer robust protection for cloud-based applications and data
* Multi-factor authentication and encryption ensure secure access to cloud-based resources
Endpoint Security
* Endpoint security solutions protect against malware and other types of attacks
* Real-time monitoring and response to potential threats
Conclusion
In conclusion, protecting leaders and their organizations from cyber threats requires a proactive approach to cybersecurity. By implementing strong password policies, using encryption and firewalls, staying up-to-date with software patches and updates, and conducting regular risk assessments, leaders can significantly reduce the risk of a cyber breach. Additionally, technology plays a critical role in combating cyber attacks, with AI, cloud security, and endpoint security solutions helping to detect and respond to potential threats in real-time.
FAQs
Q: What is the most common form of cyber attack?
A: Phishing is the most common form of cyber attack, with millions of phishing emails sent every day.
Q: What is the best way to protect against ransomware attacks?
A: Regular backups and timely software updates are key to protecting against ransomware attacks.
Q: What is the most important aspect of a strong password policy?
A: A strong password policy should include a combination of the following: length, complexity, and regular changes.
Q: How often should I update my software and operating system?
A: It is recommended to update software and operating systems regularly, ideally daily or weekly, to ensure the latest security patches are applied.
Q: What is the role of AI in cybersecurity?
A: AI plays a critical role in cybersecurity, helping to detect and respond to cyber attacks in real-time, as well as analyzing patterns and identifying potential threats.
Q: What is the most effective way to detect and respond to cyber attacks?
A: A combination of human expertise and AI-powered systems is the most effective way to detect and respond to cyber attacks.
Innovation and Technology
Why Chief AI Officers Are Failing

The Revolving Door of Chief AI Officers: Why It’s a Leadership Crisis for AI Initiatives
The Chief AI Officer (CAIO) role emerged in response to the growing need for organizations to harness the transformative potential of artificial intelligence. However, despite the impressive salaries and direct reporting to CEOs, these positions frequently dissolve within two years. This leadership crisis threatens to derail AI initiatives at a time when strategic AI implementation has never been more critical.
The Expertise Paradox
Imagine trying to find a world-class orchestra conductor who can also build violins from scratch. That’s often what companies are looking for when searching for Chief AI Officers – technical wizards who simultaneously excel at enterprise-wide business transformation.
The Integration Challenge
AI doesn’t exist in isolation – it’s part of a broader technology and data ecosystem. Yet, companies frequently create CAIO positions as standalone silos, disconnected from existing digital and data initiatives.
The Expectation Mismatch
Perhaps the most dangerous challenge facing CAIOs is the profound disconnect between expectations and reality. Many boards anticipate immediate, transformative results from AI initiatives – the digital equivalent of demanding harvest without sowing.
The Governance Gap
There are many potential risks of AI, from bias to privacy concerns, and the right level of governance is essential. CAIOs are typically tasked with ensuring responsible AI use yet frequently lack the authority to enforce guidelines across departments.
The Talent Tension
Even the most brilliant strategy falters without proper execution. Many CAIOs struggle to build effective teams because they’re competing for scarce AI talent with tech giants offering extraordinary compensation packages.
The Path To Successful AI Leadership
Despite these challenges, some organizations have developed successful CAIO roles. The difference lies in how they position, support, and integrate this critical function.
Building The Right Foundations
For organizations serious about AI transformation, the CAIO role requires thoughtful positioning. Rather than seeking unicorns, consider complementary leadership teams that combine technical and business expertise.
Conclusion
The CAIO role isn’t failing because of individual shortcomings – it’s struggling because of structural flaws in how organizations approach AI leadership. By addressing these fundamental challenges, companies can transform this troubled position into a catalyst for genuine AI-powered transformation.
FAQs
- Why are CAIOs experiencing high turnover rates?
- The role requires a unique blend of technical and business expertise, which can be challenging to find in a single individual.
- What are the main challenges facing CAIOs?
- The expertise paradox, integration challenge, expectation mismatch, governance gap, and talent tension.
- How can organizations overcome these challenges?
- By positioning the CAIO role as a critical function that integrates with existing digital and data initiatives, providing realistic expectations, establishing responsible AI governance, and building sustainable talent strategies.
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