Innovation and Technology
Future of Immigration Policies
Developments in 2024 Will Reverberate in 2025 to Drive U.S. Immigration Policy
Trump’s Election and His Campaign Rhetoric on Immigration
Donald Trump regaining the White House will affect future immigration policies more than any other event in 2024. However, the way he won mattered. Trump used extreme rhetoric to characterize immigrants and individuals with Temporary Protected Status. He accused Haitians of eating their neighbors’ pets and said migrants were “attacking villages” and taking over towns. He claimed many migrants were released from foreign prisons and insane asylums to commit crimes in America. In December 2024, Trump blamed the truck attack in New Orleans that killed 14 people on “criminals coming in” from other nations, even though the assailant was a 42-year-old U.S.-born Army veteran. Journalists who fact-checked Trump disputed those characterizations.
Republicans Win Narrow Majorities in the House and Senate That Will Affect Immigration Policy and Spending
Republicans retained the House and won the Senate. However, the margins are narrow in both chambers. That could complicate efforts at enacting restrictive immigration policies, including approval for spending to fund a border wall, increased detention, and more agents for mass deportation. Republicans hope to accomplish that spending through reconciliation, which can avoid a Democratic filibuster in the Senate. The tumultuous process the public witnessed in December 2024 to prevent a government shutdown indicates that at least some House Republicans will balk at new spending not accompanied by significant offsets.
The Rise and Likely Fall of U.S. Refugee Admissions and Its Impact on Immigration Levels
In FY 2024, 100,034 refugees arrived in the United States, according to the U.S. Refugee Processing Center. That compares to only 30,000 arrivals in FY 2019 and 11,814 in FY 2020 under Trump. Stephen Miller worked against admitting refugees in Trump’s first term, and he returns to the White House in 2025 with a more powerful title. The Biden administration set a refugee ceiling of 125,000 for FY 2025. Religious and human rights groups are bracing for Miller to ignore that ceiling, suspend refugee admissions, and drive refugee arrivals to FY 2019 and FY 2020 levels or lower. Reducing refugee admissions will lower overall legal immigration levels.
Low Border Numbers and Mexican Cooperation on Immigration
Donald Trump campaigned and continues to speak as if the border remains in “crisis.” The data point to a different reality: Illegal entry is lower today than when Donald Trump left office. In December 2024, there were 47,326 Border Patrol encounters at the Southwest border, 37% below the level of 75,316 encounters in January 2021 when Trump was president. The Biden administration’s use of legal pathways, a June 2024 executive order on asylum policy, and close cooperation with Mexico contributed to the significant decline at the border since July 2024.
Immigration Lawsuits and the End of Chevron Deference
In June 2024, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Loper Bright Enterprises et al. v. Raimondo: “The Administrative Procedure Act requires courts to exercise their independent judgment in deciding whether an agency has acted within its statutory authority, and courts may not defer to an agency interpretation of the law simply because a statute is ambiguous; Chevron is overruled.”
The end of Chevron deference to federal agencies may help businesses, universities, and public interest groups in immigration lawsuits during a second Trump administration should officials enact policies like those in the first term. That could cut across several issues, including asylum, public charge, H-1B visas, and international student policy, and lead to unexpected outcomes.
The developments in 2024 will likely have a significant impact on U.S. immigration policy in 2025. Trump’s re-election and the narrow majorities in the House and Senate will likely lead to a more restrictive approach to immigration. The end of Chevron deference could also lead to unexpected outcomes in immigration lawsuits. While there may be some predictable events, such as Trump’s pursuit of mass deportation, other developments could lead to surprising and unintended consequences.
Q: What are the potential implications of Trump’s re-election on U.S. immigration policy?
A: Trump’s re-election will likely lead to a more restrictive approach to immigration, including mass deportation and reduced refugee admissions.
Q: What is the significance of the end of Chevron deference in immigration policy?
A: The end of Chevron deference could lead to unexpected outcomes in immigration lawsuits, potentially favoring businesses, universities, and public interest groups.
Q: How will Trump’s re-election affect the U.S.-Mexico border?
A: Trump will likely continue to use rhetoric about the “crisis” at the border, despite declining illegal entry numbers, and may focus on increasing border security measures and reducing legal pathways for immigrants.
Q: What are the potential implications of Trump’s support from Silicon Valley allies on high-skilled immigration?
A: Trump’s support from Silicon Valley allies could lead to a more nuanced approach to high-skilled immigration, potentially including increased green cards for foreign-born graduates and workers. However, this may be at odds with the restrictive policies he has pursued in the past.
Innovation and Technology
Digital Literacy Is a Necessity for Leaders
Coding Isn’t a Necessary Leadership Skill – But Digital Literacy Is
Why Coding isn’t a Necessary Leadership Skill
In today’s digital age, it’s common to see leaders touted as coding wizards who can effortlessly create software and debug complex algorithms. However, being a skilled coder is not necessarily a requirement for effective leadership.
Leaders come from diverse backgrounds, and while some may be naturally inclined towards coding, many others may have different strengths that serve them just as well or better in leadership roles. Additionally, with the rise of modern technology and artificial intelligence, even leaders who don’t know how to code can still leverage tools and platforms created by others.
The Value of Digital Literacy for Leaders
However, being digitally literate is a different story. In today’s fast-paced digital landscape, leaders need to be able to navigate and communicate effectively in the digital space.
Understanding Digital Tools and Technologies
As a leader, understanding the basics of digital tools and technologies is essential for making informed decisions and communicating effectively with stakeholders. This includes familiarity with platforms such as social media, email marketing, and customer relationship management systems.
Digital Communication Skills
Digital literacy also involves developing the skills to effectively communicate in a digital environment. This includes understanding how to craft compelling digital messages, manage online reputation, and engage with employees and customers in a digital workplace.
Fostering a Digital Culture
Effective leaders also understand the importance of fostering a digital culture within their organization. This includes promoting a culture of innovation, experimentation, and continuous learning, as well as encouraging the use of digital tools and technologies to drive business outcomes.
The Benefits of Digital Literacy for Leaders
By developing digital literacy skills, leaders can:
- Make more informed decisions
- Communicate effectively with stakeholders
- Drive business outcomes through digital initiatives
- Foster a culture of innovation and experimentation
- Stay ahead of the curve in a rapidly changing digital landscape
Conclusion
In conclusion, while coding may not be a necessary leadership skill, digital literacy is essential for effective leaders in today’s digital age. By developing digital literacy skills, leaders can make informed decisions, communicate effectively, and drive business outcomes. As the digital landscape continues to evolve, the importance of digital literacy for leaders will only continue to grow.
FAQs
What does digital literacy mean for leaders?
Digital literacy refers to the skills and knowledge leaders need to effectively navigate and communicate in the digital space. This includes understanding digital tools and technologies, developing digital communication skills, and fostering a digital culture within their organization.
Do leaders need to be skilled coders to be effective?
No, being a skilled coder is not a necessary requirement for effective leadership. While some leaders may have a background in coding, many others have different strengths that serve them just as well or better in leadership roles.
Why is digital literacy important for leaders?
Digital literacy is important for leaders because it allows them to make informed decisions, communicate effectively with stakeholders, drive business outcomes through digital initiatives, and stay ahead of the curve in a rapidly changing digital landscape.
How can leaders develop their digital literacy skills?
Leaders can develop their digital literacy skills by taking courses or training programs, attending webinars or workshops, and participating in online communities and forums. They can also stay up-to-date with industry trends and developments by reading articles and books on digital leadership.
Innovation and Technology
Artificial Intelligence That Explains, Audits, and Translates
The Rise of Algorithmic Decisions
The Unseen Power of Math
Today, algorithms often determine what college we attend, if we get hired for a job, if we qualify for a loan to buy a house, and even who goes to prison and for how long. Unlike human decisions, these mathematical models are rarely questioned. They just show up on somebody’s computer screen and fates are determined.
The Errors of Algorithms
In some cases, the errors of algorithms are obvious, such as when Dow Jones reported that Google was buying Apple for $9 billion and the bots fell for it or when Microsoft’s Tay chatbot went berserk on Twitter – but often they are not. What’s far more insidious and pervasive are the more subtle glitches that go unnoticed, but have very real effects on people’s lives.
The Consequences of Algorithmic Bias
Once you get on the wrong side of an algorithm, your life immediately becomes more difficult. Unable to get into a good school or to get a job, you earn less money and live in a worse neighborhood. Those facts get fed into new algorithms and your situation degrades even further.
The Need for Transparency and Accountability
That’s why it’s imperative that we begin to take the problem of AI bias seriously and take steps to mitigate its effects by making our systems more transparent, explainable, and auditable.
A Path Forward
We must work towards creating algorithms that are fair, equitable, and transparent. This requires a deeper understanding of the data we use to train these models, as well as the potential biases that may be present. It also requires us to be more proactive in testing and monitoring our algorithms to identify and correct any errors or biases that may arise.
Conclusion
The rise of algorithmic decisions has significant implications for our society. It is crucial that we take a proactive approach to ensuring that these decisions are fair, transparent, and accountable. By doing so, we can create a more just and equitable society for all.
FAQs
Q: What is algorithmic bias?
A: Algorithmic bias refers to the unintentional and often invisible biases that can be present in the data and code used to train algorithms, which can result in discriminatory outcomes.
Q: How prevalent is algorithmic bias?
A: Algorithmic bias is a widespread problem, affecting many areas of our lives, from hiring and education to lending and criminal justice.
Q: How can we mitigate algorithmic bias?
A: We can mitigate algorithmic bias by making our systems more transparent, explainable, and auditable, as well as by using diverse and representative data to train our algorithms.
Innovation and Technology
This Iowa County Is Ready For Anything—Are You?
Emergency Management in the Digital Age: Scott County’s Situational Awareness Experience
The Challenge of Emergency Management
The sheer number of emergencies Scott County in Iowa faces at any given time is staggering. Floods along the Mississippi. Derechos in the air. Tornadoes in residential areas. And then there are infrequent disasters and what-if scenarios: train derailments, earthquakes, and radiation exposure from a nearby nuclear power plant.
The Need for Situational Awareness
This county of about 175,000 people in the middle of the United States is not unique in facing extreme weather events and threats to the lives and properties of its residents. What sets Scott County apart is its preparation—for anything—by getting the right information, to the right people, at the right time. Modern mapping technology is helping county leaders put all of that needed information in one accessible place.
The Solution: Situational Awareness Experience
What Scott County has done is put dynamic maps and critical data into a single application they call their Situational Awareness Experience. It gives everyone involved near real-time information and statistics to help answer questions at the speed of need.
In the Thick of a Crisis
In the thick of a crisis, leadership and emergency responders can quickly see: Where are the shelters? Where are the supplies? Where are people who have medical needs? Where are the waters rising? Where is the plume growing? What is happening where – right now?
Anticipating What-If Scenarios
Of course, a crucial part of emergency management is anticipating what-if scenarios. What if a local hospital loses access to potable water? What if an assisted living facility loses power amid extreme heat? What if winds shift and a hazardous plume spreads to a neighborhood with child-care centers?
Building Resilience
Scott County answers these in-the-moment and what-ifs using its Situational Awareness Experience. The app handles such a heavy workload because it’s built using the sophisticated mapping and data management technology known as geographic information systems (GIS).
Conclusion
Scott County’s Situational Awareness Experience is a testament to the power of technology in emergency management. By combining critical data and displaying it in a user-friendly format, the app helps emergency responders and leaders make quick, informed decisions that save lives and protect communities.
FAQs
- What is the Situational Awareness Experience?
The Situational Awareness Experience is a GIS-based application that provides emergency responders and leaders with near real-time information and statistics to help answer questions at the speed of need. - How does the Situational Awareness Experience work?
The app combines critical data and displays it in a user-friendly format, allowing emergency responders and leaders to make quick, informed decisions that save lives and protect communities. - What kind of data does the Situational Awareness Experience store?
The app stores a variety of data, including information about shelters, supplies, medical needs, water levels, and more. It also stores information about potential hazards, such as hazardous materials and radiation exposure. - How does the Situational Awareness Experience help with emergency management?
The app helps emergency responders and leaders anticipate and respond to emergencies by providing them with the information they need to make quick, informed decisions. It also helps them identify potential hazards and develop plans to mitigate their impact.
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