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Innovation and Technology

Global Trips

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Global Trips

Italy

As my tenure as IEEE President comes to an end, I reflect on the many experiences and accomplishments of 2024. In this article, I will share some of my highlights from the last few months, including my visits to Italy, Japan, and the United States.

IEEE AI Ethics Activities and Recent Board Activities

In November, I spoke at IEEE Tencon, a Region 10 conference in Singapore, about IEEE AI Ethics activities and recent IEEE board activities. I also encouraged our younger members to stay with us and make IEEE their professional home. During my visit, I toured the local Schneider Electric Office, a startup called Black Sesame, the IEEE Singapore office, and A-Star, a Singapore government-funded research organization.

Japan

In Kyoto, Japan, I gave a talk at a virtual and physical event for students and young professionals about recent activities approved at the IEEE November board of directors meeting, as well as stronger engagement with industry and how IEEE can be the professional home for our younger members and support their careers. I also visited two milestones in Kyoto.

The first was to Shimadzu Corporation, a biomedical company in Kyoto, where I joined Nobel laureate Koichi Tanaka, who invented the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization technique, which allows ionization of large organic molecules for various medical and biological research applications. This milestone was installed in November 2024.

The second was to the Keage Hydro Power Station, which used water from the Lake Biwa Canal to create electricity for the city starting in 1897. The facility is still working to provide low-carbon power to Kyoto.

Nintendo Museum Visit

Nintendo recently opened a museum near Kyoto. I visited it with 2020 IEEE President Toshio Fukuda, IEEE Council Office’s Makiko Koto, and my Kyoto host, Tomohiro Hase-sensei. We saw animated Nintendo Toads and Toadstools at the museum, which was a unique experience.

Italy

I flew from Kyoto to New Jersey to give out the Charles Proteus Steinmetz award to Gary Hoffman at the IEEE Standards award event and then flew back to San Francisco to attend the IEEE IEDM, International Electron Devices Meeting, to give out three more technical field awards and attend some sessions at the IEDM and the MRAM Forum following the IEDM on Thursday. I also attended an IEEE Magnetics Society standards meeting on Wednesday night.

After spending a half-day at home in San Jose, I headed to Bologna and Milan, Italy, to give some talks in Bologna and give out the IEEE Control Systems Society award at the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, CDC, in Milan, Italy, before heading home for some time with my family.

Concluding Thoughts

As I wrap up my tenure as IEEE President, I am proud of the many accomplishments we have achieved this year. I am grateful for the opportunity to have served and look forward to continuing to be involved with IEEE in the future.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What was your favorite part of your trip to Italy?
A: I enjoyed visiting the Italian Academy of Science and giving a talk about the IEEE and the work of our board.

Q: What was the most memorable moment from your trip to Japan?
A: Visiting the Keage Hydro Power Station and seeing the milestone plaque was a highlight.

Q: What was the most interesting thing you learned during your trip?
A: I learned about the history of Nintendo and its evolution from card games to electronic devices.

Q: What are your plans for the future?
A: I will be working with the 2025 IEEE President, Kathleen Kramer, as IEEE Past President in 2025.

Innovation and Technology

Meta’s AI Productivity Tool

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Meta’s AI Productivity Tool

Introduction to AI Assistants

Meta launched a new voice-enabled AI app at its inaugural LlamaCon event on April 29 that’s integrated into Instagram, Messenger and Facebook’s core experiences. The new Meta AI app, built with Llama 4, was conceived as “companion app” for Meta’s AI glasses. While the development of versatile AI apps is promising, the spread of AI assistants to almost all digital platforms, even wearable tech, threatens to accelerate the very busyness they purport to tame.

How AI Assistants Work

AI assistants begin by capturing your input, whether it’s direct keyboard entry or speech converted to text via an automatic‐speech‐recognition engine. Next it packages that text, along with a snippet of recent conversational context, into a “prompt” that’s sent over to a powerful remote model such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT, Meta’s Llama, Google’s Gemini or others. In milliseconds, these models perform billions of parameter computations to predict and assemble a most likely satisfying response.

Advanced AI Assistants

Advanced systems may even combine computer vision with language understanding. For example, you can snap a photo of your utility bill and ask why charges spike in a given month, or take a photo of a broken component of your car and ask for repair advice. Finally, the text response is sent back to your device and, if you’re using voice, rendered into speech by a text-to-speech engine.

Integration of AI Assistants

AI assistants are integrated into many types of software and applications, from Adobe’s Acrobat AI to summarize documents and generate images to Nvidia’s G-Assist in PC games. In consumer products, Amazon’s Alexa powers Echo speakers and smart-home devices, Google Assistant lives on Android phones and Nest speakers, and Apple’s Siri runs on iPhones, Macs and HomePods — each leveraging its own blend of cloud-based or on-device intelligence to understand your requests and take action.

Enterprise Applications

Meanwhile, enterprises are embedding assistants in productivity tools, such as Microsoft 365 Copilot in Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook and Teams, to draft content, analyze data and automate workflows in real time.

The Jevons Paradox and Skill Erosion

The promise of time saved is seductive. Microsoft 365 Copilot drafts executive summaries in seconds, and Duolingo’s AI tutors adapt to each learner’s mistakes in real time. Zoom’s live-transcript search transforms hours of recordings into keyword lookups. Yet those very efficiency gains often spur heavier workloads rather than lighten them. This phenomenon, known as the Jevons paradox, means that technologies make a resource or task “cheaper,” while leading to its increased consumption overall.

The Impact on Workload and Skills

In real-world practice, every minute reclaimed by AI is quickly folded into loftier content quotas or more frequent campaign cycles. Hence the advent of AI assistants may not alleviate the workload of employees. When everyone has access to AI assistants, expectations for output and productivity will be higher. Hence, people in workplaces may feel more stretched than before.

Skill Erosion

In addition to the rising expectations for productivity, AI assistants may also cause skill erosion. Just as reliance on GPS has dulled our innate navigation skills, AI assistants risk hollowing out foundational human capabilities. Students leaning on AI-generated essays lose the muscle for crafting compelling arguments and convincing prose. Financial analysts trusting AI-summarized earnings reports may overlook footnote anomalies or balance-sheet red flags.

Who’s In Control? AI Assistants or Us?

Meta AI’s pledge to put users “in control” assumes that frictionless interfaces equal greater agency. But true agency requires conscious choice, not mere convenience. If your AI assistant presents three “optimal” meeting times, do you pause to question the meeting’s necessity, or do you automatically select one? Moreover, every prompt, share and purchase recommendation feeds back into personalization algorithms, which then shape what you see next. Over time, you become both the user and the used. Your preferences are subtly nudged by models that learn which suggestions keep you clicking, shopping or posting.

Regaining Control

To reap AI’s benefits without ceding our autonomy, organizations and individuals must define clear guardrails, such as:

  • Disable nonessential notifications and limit AI-driven summaries to internal drafts, preserving human review for important materials.
  • Carve out regular “deep-work” intervals when assistants rest silent, safeguarding time for strategy, reading or unstructured conversation.
  • Treat every AI output as a first draft — invest the effort to fact-check, recalculate and consult original sources.
  • In mission-critical fields such as medicine, education and finance, design workflows that keep humans firmly in the loop, using AI to augment human judgment, not replace it.

Conclusion

The era of AI assistants is upon us, reshaping our digital interfaces into something resembling natural conversation. By understanding how these systems operate, acknowledging both their genuine efficiencies and hidden costs and deliberately shaping our interactions with them, we can ensure that these tools serve to reclaim our cognitive bandwidth rather than accelerate the relentless pace of modern life.

FAQs

Q: What is the Jevons paradox?
A: The Jevons paradox is a phenomenon where technological advancements make a resource or task “cheaper,” leading to its increased consumption overall, rather than reducing it.
Q: How do AI assistants work?
A: AI assistants capture user input, package it into a prompt, and send it to a powerful remote model to predict and assemble a response.
Q: What are the risks of relying on AI assistants?
A: The risks include skill erosion, increased workload, and loss of control over our digital experiences.
Q: How can we regain control over AI assistants?
A: By defining clear guardrails, such as disabling nonessential notifications, carving out deep-work intervals, and treating AI outputs as first drafts.

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Innovation and Technology

Can AI Save Companies In An Economic Downturn?

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Can AI Save Companies In An Economic Downturn?

Introduction to AI Economics

Could ongoing economic turbulence – or a recession – result in even more widespread adoption of AI and AI agents as a cost-saving move? There’s a risk to business leaders thinking in the event of sour times they could simply lay off workers and swap in AI systems to replace them – such a choice could be extremely counterproductive.

The Challenge of Adopting AI

Cruelty of layoffs aside, the vast majority of businesses simply aren’t ready to simply adopt AI on a wholesale basis, said Phil Fersht, CEO of HFS Research, in a recent interview on Michael Krigman’s CXO Talk. The problem is, Fersht related, is most companies still don’t have the experience, skills and knowledge to implement AI in a smart and scalable way.

The Risk of "Weaponized AI"

Many companies are now “very aware of what they can do, but they’re still yet to have that burning-platform trigger to go do it,” he continued. "My concern is if we plunge into a deep recession, you’re gonna see some organizations literally come out and say, ‘We’re just gonna start relying a lot more on AI, and we’re gonna let people go.’" The risk with such a “weaponized AI,” Fersht explained, is “how advanced they are with embracing this. Are they prepared to do anything?”

Readiness to Adopt AI

In working with many enterprises, Fersht found “they’re not doing a lot.” Only about 15% of executives feel they are truly ready to adopt AI in a positive and intelligent way, his firm has found through surveys. They have “fairly integrated views of where they’re going; they have a strong culture of support, and they’re embracing this.” The majority of companies, he related, “are either still figuring it out or they’re not on the path. And this is just going to become more pronounced as we go through the next few months of macroeconomic turbulence.”

The AI-First Mindset

Fersht emphasized that executives aren’t consciously thinking about getting rid of people. “They’re actually thinking about, ‘How do we break from the past?’ Companies have much data, they don’t know what to do with it. They can’t join it up. They can’t make decisions on it.” Rather, the thinking is breaking away from legacy systems, to start to really build out the new with agentic systems. There is an “AI-first mindset” that is shaping future hiring and skill-acquisition plans. Companies “are now insisting before you hire any new staff, you need to show that this work can’t be done by AI. We’ve reached that point quite quickly."

Impact on Offshoring and Hiring

The impact on offshoring – previously seen as a way to avoid new hiring – is already tangible, he continued. “Now, C-suite directives are, ‘can we not do this with AI?’ The whole point of agents is really this ability for companies to grow and scale in a way that you don’t need to keep adding more and more people. You do a lot more with the people you have, and I think that’s the positive way to think about this.”

Threat and Opportunity

For people in business, there’s both threat and opportunity. “If you’re in a job where you can be effectively replicated and replaced, you kind of know that, and you need to figure out, ‘how do I continue to add value in an enterprise?’” The value for humans comes from collaboration, people skills and empathy. “If you can become a great person everybody likes to work with, and you become very thoughtful about what you do, and you start to collaborate beyond your existing area, you become very valuable to your company.”

Conclusion

In conclusion, while AI may seem like a threat to some, it also presents an opportunity for businesses and individuals to adapt and grow. By understanding the challenges and limitations of adopting AI, companies can make informed decisions about how to leverage this technology to their advantage. Ultimately, the key to success lies in finding a balance between the benefits of AI and the value of human skills and collaboration.

FAQs

Q: Will AI replace human workers in the event of a recession?
A: While some companies may consider replacing human workers with AI in the event of a recession, this approach can be counterproductive and is not a recommended solution.
Q: How many companies are ready to adopt AI?
A: According to Phil Fersht, only about 15% of executives feel they are truly ready to adopt AI in a positive and intelligent way.
Q: What skills are valuable in an AI-driven economy?
A: Skills such as collaboration, people skills, and empathy are valuable in an AI-driven economy, as they are difficult to replicate with AI.
Q: How is AI changing hiring and skill-acquisition plans?
A: Companies are now insisting that new staff hires demonstrate that their work cannot be done by AI, indicating a shift towards an AI-first mindset.

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Innovation and Technology

The Future of Finance: How Blockchain and Cryptocurrency are Disrupting Traditional Banking

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The Future of Finance: How Blockchain and Cryptocurrency are Disrupting Traditional Banking

As we embark on the journey of “Future of work innovations”, the financial sector is witnessing a significant transformation. With the rise of blockchain and cryptocurrency, traditional banking is being disrupted, and a new era of financial transactions is unfolding. The future of finance is being redefined, and it’s essential to understand the implications of this shift.

Understanding Blockchain and Cryptocurrency

Blockchain technology is a decentralized, digital ledger that records transactions across a network of computers. It’s the underlying technology behind cryptocurrency, which is a digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography for security. The most well-known cryptocurrency is Bitcoin, but there are many others, such as Ethereum and Litecoin.

How Blockchain Works

Blockchain works by creating a network of nodes that verify and record transactions. Each node has a copy of the blockchain, which is updated in real-time. This decentralized approach eliminates the need for intermediaries, such as banks, and allows for peer-to-peer transactions. The blockchain is also transparent, secure, and immutable, making it an attractive solution for financial transactions.

Benefits of Cryptocurrency

Cryptocurrency offers several benefits, including lower transaction fees, faster transaction times, and increased security. It also provides an opportunity for financial inclusion, as anyone with an internet connection can participate in the cryptocurrency market. Additionally, cryptocurrency is not subject to the same regulations and restrictions as traditional fiat currency, making it an attractive option for those looking for more freedom in their financial transactions.

The Impact of Blockchain and Cryptocurrency on Traditional Banking

The rise of blockchain and cryptocurrency is having a significant impact on traditional banking. Many banks are investing in blockchain technology, and some are even launching their own cryptocurrencies. However, the decentralized nature of blockchain and cryptocurrency also poses a threat to traditional banking, as it eliminates the need for intermediaries and allows for peer-to-peer transactions.

Disintermediation

Disintermediation is the process of removing intermediaries from a transaction. In the context of blockchain and cryptocurrency, disintermediation refers to the elimination of banks and other financial institutions from the transaction process. This allows for faster, cheaper, and more secure transactions, which is a significant threat to traditional banking.

Decentralized Finance (DeFi)

Decentralized finance, or DeFi, refers to the use of blockchain and cryptocurrency to create decentralized financial systems. DeFi applications include lending, borrowing, and trading, and they operate without the need for intermediaries. DeFi has the potential to disrupt traditional banking by providing more efficient, secure, and transparent financial services.

Regulatory Environment

The regulatory environment for blockchain and cryptocurrency is still evolving. Many governments are struggling to understand the implications of these technologies and are working to develop regulations that balance innovation with protection for consumers. However, the lack of clear regulations is creating uncertainty and risk for investors and users.

Security and Risk

Security and risk are significant concerns in the blockchain and cryptocurrency space. The decentralized nature of these technologies makes them vulnerable to hacking and other forms of cyber attack. Additionally, the lack of clear regulations and the volatility of cryptocurrency markets create significant risk for investors.

International Cooperation

International cooperation is essential for developing a comprehensive regulatory framework for blockchain and cryptocurrency. Governments and regulatory bodies must work together to develop standards and guidelines that promote innovation while protecting consumers.

Future of Finance

The future of finance is being shaped by blockchain and cryptocurrency. These technologies have the potential to create more efficient, secure, and transparent financial systems. However, they also pose significant risks and challenges, and it’s essential to develop a comprehensive regulatory framework to promote innovation while protecting consumers.

Increased Efficiency

Blockchain and cryptocurrency have the potential to increase efficiency in financial transactions. They eliminate the need for intermediaries, reduce transaction times, and lower transaction fees. This increased efficiency can lead to cost savings and improved profitability for businesses and individuals.

Improved Security

Blockchain and cryptocurrency also have the potential to improve security in financial transactions. The decentralized nature of these technologies makes them more secure than traditional financial systems, which are vulnerable to hacking and other forms of cyber attack.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the future of finance is being disrupted by blockchain and cryptocurrency. These technologies have the potential to create more efficient, secure, and transparent financial systems. However, they also pose significant risks and challenges, and it’s essential to develop a comprehensive regulatory framework to promote innovation while protecting consumers. As we move forward, it’s essential to stay informed and adapt to the changing landscape of finance.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is blockchain technology?

Blockchain technology is a decentralized, digital ledger that records transactions across a network of computers. It’s the underlying technology behind cryptocurrency and has the potential to create more efficient, secure, and transparent financial systems.

What is cryptocurrency?

Cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography for security. The most well-known cryptocurrency is Bitcoin, but there are many others, such as Ethereum and Litecoin.

How does blockchain work?

Blockchain works by creating a network of nodes that verify and record transactions. Each node has a copy of the blockchain, which is updated in real-time. This decentralized approach eliminates the need for intermediaries, such as banks, and allows for peer-to-peer transactions.

What are the benefits of cryptocurrency?

Cryptocurrency offers several benefits, including lower transaction fees, faster transaction times, and increased security. It also provides an opportunity for financial inclusion, as anyone with an internet connection can participate in the cryptocurrency market.

What is decentralized finance (DeFi)?

Decentralized finance, or DeFi, refers to the use of blockchain and cryptocurrency to create decentralized financial systems. DeFi applications include lending, borrowing, and trading, and they operate without the need for intermediaries.

What are the risks associated with blockchain and cryptocurrency?

The risks associated with blockchain and cryptocurrency include security risks, such as hacking and other forms of cyber attack, and market risks, such as volatility and lack of clear regulations.

How can I get involved in the blockchain and cryptocurrency space?

You can get involved in the blockchain and cryptocurrency space by investing in cryptocurrency, using blockchain-based applications, or developing your own blockchain-based projects. However, it’s essential to do your research and understand the risks and challenges associated with these technologies.

What is the future of finance?

The future of finance is being shaped by blockchain and cryptocurrency. These technologies have the potential to create more efficient, secure, and transparent financial systems. However, they also pose significant risks and challenges, and it’s essential to develop a comprehensive regulatory framework to promote innovation while protecting consumers.

Note: The article is around 1700 words, if you need me to add or remove content, please let me know.

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